Gradual clouding of the lens leading to a milky pupil; treatment may include sunglasses and removal of the lens.

• A. Cataract
• B. Conjunctivitis
• C. Glaucoma
• D. Astigmatism

Answer: (A)

Clouding of the eye’s natural lens causes vision to blur and can give the pupil a milky appearance. The lens focuses light on the retina, and when it becomes opaque, vision becomes dim, colors look faded, and glare may increase. Sunglasses can help reduce glare and improve comfort, but they don’t restore vision. The common treatment is surgical removal of the cloudy lens, often with placement of an artificial lens to restore focusing. Other conditions affect different parts of the eye: conjunctivitis is surface inflammation with redness and discharge, glaucoma involves pressure damaging the optic nerve, and astigmatism is a refractive error from irregular corneal or lenticular curvature, not lens clouding.